Improvement in autographic telegraphs



4 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. E.- SAWYER. AUTOGRAPHIC-TELEGRAPH.

No. 171,051. Patented Dec. 14, 1875.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. E. SAWYER. AUTOGRAPHIC-TELEGRAPH.

Patented Dec. 14, 1875.

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No. 171,051. Patented Dec. 14,1875.

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4 Sheets-Sheeii.

W. n. SAWYER. AUTOGRAPHIC-TELEGRAPH.

Nd.171,051 Patented Dec. 14, 1875.

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Wiinesses: Inventor:

NIGEIERS, PHQTOILITNOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D 04 UNITED STATES PATENTQFFICE,

WILLIAM E. SAWYER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN AUTOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPHS.

Specification forming partof Letters Patent No. 17 1,05 l, datedDecember 14, 1875; application filed November 5, 1875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM EDWARD SAWYER, of the city of New York, inthe State of New York, have invented certain new and. usefulImprovements in Copying or Autographic Telegraphs, of which thefollowing is a specification:

My invention relates to certain mechanism for the purpose ofaccomplishing autographic or facsimile transmission of messages overlines of telegraph, and to various electrical circuits therefor.

In my Letters Patent No. 159,460, dated February 2, 1875, the principalfeatures of fac-simile transmission are so fully outlined that it isdeemed unnecessary to present an extraneous description here. I shall,so far as possible, confine myself to a description, of the mechanism ofmy present invention.

One of the principal features of my present invention is found in mymethod of obtaining a regular and steady motion of the requiredmechanism.

In all existing systems of fac-simile telegraphs the action is obtainedfrom the ultimate point in the mechanismthat is to say, thei313JlSl'Illttlllg' and recording points, styles, or other similardevices, or accompanying devices, are actuated by a train of wheels.tothe slowest-moving of which is applied the driving-power. The inherentfault in this mechanism is, that any variation in the primary actuatingmedium is exaggerated by every multiplication of the motion, so thatWhat would be a slight and inconsequential error in the revolution ofthe shaft to which the power is applied is magnified in marked degree atthe ultimate or transmitting and recording shafts, for reasons that donot require explanation. The only instance in which this error has beenavoided is that of Uisselli,

who employs a pendulum as the actuatingpower, with the transmitting andrecording mechanism situated at a point of the pendulum where theexaggerations of the weighted lower extremity are reducednamely, nearthe pivot upon which the pendulum gravitates. By means of this device(lasselli has succeeded in obtaining an absolute synchronism; but to thedelicacy of parts of the mechanism,fand the difficulties of theirmanagemeuu there are serious objections, and there is a most seriousobjection to the variations in speed of the motion of the pendulum,which speed of motion, when the Weight of the pendulum is at the lowestpoint in the are it describes, is much greater than at the starting orintermediate points.

It has been my aim in the present in vention to obviate all thesedifiiculties, and, by the employment of the simplest mechanism, torender the instruments so easily managed as to dispense with operatorsof mechanical skill. In the attainment of this end it has been necessaryto avoid all mechanism which would tend to exaggerate primary errors;and, instead of the ordinary method, I employ, for the actuatingmechanism, rapidlymoving parts or revolving wheels, which are so geared,and move so rapidly, that the more slowly moving or revolving parts,comprising the transmitting and recording mechanism, may be made toattain any desired speed of mo tion. Thus, for instance, and asanexample merely, if the shaft to which is attached the transmitting orrecording mechanism shall make one hundred revolutions per minute, theshaft to which is applied the driving-power shall be made to revolve atthe rate of one thousand times per minute, in order to produce the speedof one hundred revolutions in the shaft of the transmitting or recordingmechanism, whereby an error of one degree in the driving-power isdecreased at the actual working-point to an error of but one-tenth ofone degree, contrary to what would occur in ordinary fac-similemechanism, in which an error of one degree at the driving-shaft would bemagnified to an error of ten degrees at the transmitting or recordingpoint in the mechanism, where the least error is desirable.

Such is the chief function of my present invention, and in itsattainment I do not limit myself to the application of any specialpower. I have preferred to apply'to my mechanism the power generated byan electromotor, and have preferred to employ a train of gearwheels butit is obvious that I may make use of any other power, such as compressedair, steam, heat, water, or other equivalenuor, in

place of a train of gear-wheels, may make use nuns,

of friction- 91l ve or of a' lever or a series of levers, or a largewheel with the transmitting and recording mechanism attached to a pointwhere the motion is less than at the point at which the power isapplied, or both. Numerous applications of my principle are readilysuggestive. Further, in order to keep the mechanism at differentstations in syn ehronons motion, I prefer to regulate the sameperiodically by means of a line-current, the opera-,

governed by a centrifugal governor of a new design, the chief advantagesof which are its simplicity and the facility with which it may beadjusted. In addition to the governor, the speed of the motor isregulated by a rheostat (shown in the drawings) in the circuit of themotor, but which may, with equal advantage, be placed in a secondarycircuit from the motor-battery, so as to lessen the force of the batteryin the motorcircuit by diverting a portion of the battery into thecircuit of the rheostat. A galvanometer should be used for the purposeof noting the forceof the battery, in order that the battery may bemaintained at a uniform strength.

With this general reference to the nature of my invention, I willproceed to describe the construction of the mechanism in detail, so faras is necessary to an understanding of the same by persons skilled inthe art.

' In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification,Figure l is a general view of the instrument for transmission andreception of messages. Fig. 2 is an interior sectional end view of partsof the same. Fig. 3 is a view of the centrifugal governor. Figs. 4, 5,6,and 12 are views of the semi cylinder, from and upon which messages aresent and received, and parts of the same.

' Fig. 7 is a view of the transmitting or re cording point and holdertherefor. Fig.8 is a'view of the arrangement for stopping and releasingthe mechanism. Fig. 9 is a view of the circuit-changer, connecting withthe stopping and releasing mechanism, Figs. 10 and 11 being other viewsof the same. Fig. 13 is a view of a shaft, having a right-hand and aleft-hand thread cut thereon and Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 areviews of circuits.

Like letters indicate similar parts in all the figures.

Referring to Fig. 1, Bb is the base. 00, y, and c are anysuitablemetallic frame. m are two metallic railways of any desired form, shownas grooved for the trucks of a car, which railways are insulatedfrom'the frame by the supports c Upon th6-ffiiLwayS runs thesemi-cylindrical car 11, (better shown in Figs. 4:, 5, and 6.) There arefour trucks, h, attached to the car by means of cross-pieces z, thusforming an electrical connection between the surface of the car 61 andthe railways, from which, although not shown in the drawings, any mediumof connection may be carried to an insulated binding-post.

The actual operation of transmission by my intention is not essentiallydifferent from that of ordinary fac-simile telegraphs. A metallic pointdraws imaginary lines over a slowly-advancing metallic surface, uponwhich is an insulating writing, and the interruptions of the circuit,occasioned by the point coming upon the lines of writing, effect therecord at a distant station, which recordfichemical, or it may beotherwiseis afac-simile of theinsulatinglines of writing, owing to thefact that the recording-point moves over the advancing receiving-blankin synchronism with the motion of the transmitting-point. As I do notemploy' a complete cylinder traversed by the point, but a halfcylinder,I employ two points, i

so that the instant, or nearly the instant, that one of the pointsleaves the surface of the halfcylinder, the other point is coming uponthe same.

The metallic plate, upon which is the insu latin g writing or thechemical receiving-paper,

is placed upon the semi-cylindrical car, when the curved frame (1 epivoted at e, is shut down upon it, thus holding it securely in place.The car is moved along under the points by means of thepoint f which iscaused to.close into the thread out upon the main shaft to. This pointfforms the end of a spring-piece, f (better shown in Fig. 12,) pivoted atf and insulated from the car by means of the insulating-pieces 9 f whichare fastened to cross-pieces z. The turned end of the spring-piecefcloses over the insulating-piece g,-thus holding the pointf to a securebearing in the thread on shaft w. When it is desired to stop themovement of the car, this end'is thrown 0d the piece g, thus allowingthe point f to rise from the thread.

Around and over the semi-cylinder, transversely, the shaft w carries tworight-angular arms, a, fastened in hub 0, which arms carry thetransmitting or recording points 10 around the semi-cylinder.

In this manner, the arms being insulated from the car, the transmissionprocess hereinbefore described is accomplished. So soon, or nearly sosoon, as the point upon one of the arms a is leaving the surface of thesemicylinder upon one side, the other pointis coming upon thesemi-cylinder upon the other side, so that one or other of the points isal- Ways bearing upon the message.

In the form shown in the drawings, both points travel in the sameimaginary track 5 but one of the arms a. may be shortened longitudinallywith the semi-cylinder, so as to allow each point to traverse adifferent section of the semi-cylinder, the same arrangementof only onepoint being upon the semi-cylinder at a time-being maintained, as matterof course.

The motion of the shaft to is brought to a stop at the instant, ornearly so, that one of the pointsp is leaving the surface of thesemicylinder, and the other point is coming up upon the opposite side ofthe same by means of the adjustable projecting piece I), held in placeby a screw on arm at coming in contact with the beveled detent ofarmature-levees,

' better shown in Fig. 8, in which 71. is a polarized magnet; m, therest for the same; f, the armature; g, the pivot; t and j, theadjustingstandard and set-screw; Z, the rod by means of which and thenut is the magnet is drawn back from the armature. This magnet may beany form of polarized magnet; but I have shown it in the figuresrelating to the linecircuits as polarized by a local battery. The magnetis depolarized or rendered neutral by the transmission automaticallyover the line of a reversed current at the instant the arms a of boththe transmitting and the receiving instruments have been brought to astop, when the armature is released, and the beveled detent yields tothe motion of the projecting piece I), thus releasing the arms a, afterwhich release the magnet again acts, and the detent is ready tointercept the next arm, when the operation of depolarization and releaseis repeated.

In the frame-work, yy will readily be understood as the end pieces, andw w a: a: the crossrods for identifying the same. There are cross-rods cmainly for the purpose of supporting the railways.

The transmitting and recording points involve a mechanism of their own,as follows: q is a straight or curved spring, carrying the holder 0 ofthe transmitting or recording pointp. This is best shown in Fig. 7,where n is a rightangular piece, sliding in a dovetailed groovein themetallic piece u, and having a slot cut in its upper end for the screw8, by means of which the point is adjusted up or down, and therefore itsbearing upon the surface of the semi-cylinder regulated. r r arecheck-nuts, by means of which the piece u is held in position on the endof the armor. The object of this arrangement is to secure greatadjustability of the point; but I do not confine myself to thisparticular form, as many readily suggestive devices may be employed toaccomplish the same purpose-for instance, the right-angular piece it maybe grooved for another right-angular piece adjustable longitudinallywith the semicylinder.

An essential feature of my invention, as already intimated, consistsinthe mechanism by means of which the transmitting or record ing pointsare brought, to a stand-still and the forward motion of the semicylindrical car arrested without disturbing the motion of theaccompanying mechanism.

The main shaft w is actuated as follows: Motion is imparted from themotor-shaft a and its pinion J to the large gear-wheel K,

like the flange It, is fastened to the shaft, and serves to keep thegear-wheel in place, and. also operates to transfer the motion of thegear- Wheel to the shaft through the medium of thefriction-springL,(better showninFig.2,)which,' pivoted to thegear-wheel, is set so as to bear upon the flange with any desired force,by means of the set-screw in the projecting piece M, also attached tothe gear-wheel.

It is obvious that as the gear-wheel turns, the shaft to also turns whenunobstructed; but the instant that the projecting piece I) on the arm acomes into contact with the beveled detent of armature-lever e, therevolution of the shaft 20 is arrested without the motion of thegear-wheel or the motnr shaft ceasing. These points are so plain that itis unnecessary to treat them in detail.

The motor I have shown in a single form.

It is obvious that it may have any one of a -.1s a spring bearing uponthe circuit-establisher, and fastened to the standard 0. The spring maybe made adjustable by any of the well-known methods. I I I are armaturesfixed to flanges I on the motor-shaft a. (J is a standard, in which themotor-shaft has a bear-in g at one end, the other bearingbeing in thepiece Z. (See Fig. 2.) One pole of the motor-battery is connected to thestandard (metallic) 0, the other pole being connected to.

one side of the motor-magnet E, the other side of the magnet beingconnected to the framework or standardC; therefore, when the spring Dbears upon the projections of a the circuit of the motor-battery isthrough standard O, spring D, circuitestablisher a to frame or standard0, frame or standard 0 to magnet, and from the magnet back to battery.B11; is a balance-wheel 011 the motorshaft.

The centrifugal governor corrects variations in motion of themotor-shaft. This device is best shown in Fig. 3, where Z is a standardfastened to end piece y of the frame. standard is fixed the flange H,the flange be ing immovable. Through the flange passes loosely themotor-shaft a- Fastened to the motor-shaft is a piece, U, through whichslide loosely two rods,TT, which again pass through or enter a slidingweight, S, which may be ad justed so as to be at any point on the rods TT by means of a set-screw. V is a shoe, in which the ends of the rodsare fixed.

It is obvious that as the shaft a revolves, the weight S will be thrownout, and the shoe V thus brought to a bearing on the flange H with adegree of force commensurate with the .To this 1 speed of revolutions,creating a friction, which tends to keep the motion uniform.

It will, from the foregoing, be understood that the motor, the pinion J,and the gearwheel K are in constant motion, while the transmitting andrecording mechanism 20, d, and a may be at a stand-still. Thus, as thearms a describe a revolution with the shaft w,the'semi-cylindricalcardis slowly advanced by means of the thread andthe point f whereby spiralline's, in accordance with the fineness of thethread on shaft w, re drawn over the semi-cylinder, until, finally, theentire surface has been covered by these fine imaginary lines. Abalance-wheel, or its equivalent, may: with advantage be fixed to thegearwheel K. It will now be assumed that oneof the transmitting orrecording points 1? has beencarried over the semi-cylindrical surface ofthe car, and that another is about to come upon the same. At thisinstant the motion of the arm a is arrested by the projecting piece bcoming in contact with the detent of armature-lever 6. At the sameinstant, or nearly so," the circuit of the main line is changed by meansof the circuit-changers A A-andz, (better views of which are obtained inFigs. 9, 10, and 11,) 2 being an insulatingpiece in the shaft of adouble cone. On the lesser cone of this insulating-piece on shaft w isan unbroken metallic rim, 0?, which is connected electrically with-twometallic pieces, 6 set upon the greater cone, equidistant, and

insulated from the remainder of the periphery of the greater cone; Theperiphery of the greater cone is thus divided into halves, ex-

cepting the slight spaces occupied by the pieces l Upon the remainingspaces of this periphery, and insulated from the pieces F,

are placed metallic half-circles, nearly, l which 7 are connected withthe main shaft w, and consequently with the frame-work of theinstrument. In Fig. 10 is seen how the piece 4? is fixed to theperiphery of the greater cone, so as to project between and separate thepieces l A A are metallic rollers, or they may be springs bearing uponthe greater and lesser peripheries, and insulated from each other'bymeans of the insulating-piece B, which is fastened to the cross-rod ofthe frame-work by meansof the bottom piece B The shape of theinsulating-piece B will be best understood from Fig. 11. B B aremetallic pieces, insulated from each other, and holding screws, whichregulate the tension or pressure of the rollers A, the springs Abein'gpivoted at B The purpose of this circuit-changer will beunderstood from Fig. 14, in which the line-wire is shown connected withthe roller bearing upon the greater periphery. The greater peripherybeing, by means of the metallic halfcircles 11 connected with the mainshaft w, the line, while the roller A is bearing upon a piece, l isconnected to the transmitting or recording point 1) through the mediumof the arms a. In Fig. 14, T1 is the transmitting, and By the receiving,instru ment. h is the stopping and releasing mag net; mb, the mainbattery; lb, thelocalbattery, by means of which the magnet h is keptpolarized. R0 is a rheostat in the circuit of the local battery lb andmagnet h, for the purpose of regulating the force of polarization.

The battery which acts by the main-line circuit to depolarize the magneth, and thereby release the arms a, is indicated by rh. Now, it isobvious that as the upper roller is bearing upon the piece 41 thecircuit is from the earth at the transmitting end-of the line, mainbattery mb, to the semi-cylindrical car d, and thence to thetransmitting-point and arm a, main shaft w, and piece l to the rollerconnected with the line, and, at the receiving-station, from the line tothe roller, and from the rollerto the piece 4?, shaft w, arm a, andrecordingpoint, semi-cylinder cl, and earth. Whenever, in this case, thetransmitting-point p is bearing upon the metallic surface of themessage, the battery mb, with negative pole to the line, will, by itsflowing into the line, neutralize the local marking-battery db at thereceiving-station, the positive pole of which'is put to the shaft w,and, therefore, to the arm a and recording-point, and the negative poleof which is put to the semi-cylinder d." On the other hand, whenever atransmittingpoint comes in contact with an insulating-line ofwriting,'the main battery mb will be taken from the line, and the localmarkingbattery db at the receivingstation will effect a discoloration ofthe chemical paper. For all these operations either induced currents orbattery-currents of great intensity are preferred.

After the transmitting and recording points have traversed in unison thesemicircle of the cars d,- and just as they come to a stop, the rollerA, which is connected with the linewire, and which has been bearing uponthe rim 'l ,-comes into contact with the metallic piece i and thecircuit is established as follows: From the earth at the transmittingend, through the reversed battery rb, releasingmagnet h, roller A,bearing upon the lesser periphery-of the double cone l thence to thepiece 41 and thence from the upper roller A to the line; and, at thereceiving-station, from the line, through the piece 13 to the rim 1',roller A, magnet h, and reversed battery rb to earth, The combinedforces of the two reversed batteries rb' vb, at both the transmittingand receiving stations, overcome and neutralize the polarization of themagnets h, polarized by the local batteries lb and lb, and thearmature-lever 6, Fig. 1, yields to the upward pressure of the arm a,actuated by shaft w and friction-spring L, the armature-lever e offeringno resistance to the passage of the projection b, when thearms a, thusset in motion, again carry the points 19 over the surface of thesemi-cylinders, which operation is repeated until, finally, by theforward motion of the-car d, the whole surface of the semi-cylinder iscovered by imaginary spiral lines.

It is obvious that an entire cylinder may be employed instead of thesemi-cylinder described, in which case only one transmitting orrecording point would be required; or the metallic surface presented tothe points maybe only the quarter of a circle, or any division of acircle, the transmitting or recording points being of numbercorresponding. Both the batteries 'rb rb are necessary to neutralize thepolarization of magnets h, so that neither of the instruments can startuntil both have arrived at the starting-point.

[n all existingfao-simile telegraphs the transmitting and recordingmechanism operates in the same direction; but this is fatal to thetransmission of a message which has been transferred from the blank uponwhich it is written to a metallic plate or surface previous totransmission. In order that the received message shall appear as themessage is written, it is necessary to give the mechanism a peculiardirection-h. 6., if the cylindrical cars of transmitting and receivinginstruments move in the same direction, the arms a move in oppositedirections; and if the arms a run in the same direction in eachinstrument, the cars must run in opposite directions. In either case thetransferred message, which is a reverse of the original, is received aswritten. In order to accomplish thls opposite motion, however, it isnecessary that upon the shaft 112 of one instrument shall be aright-hand thread for moving the car, and that upon the shaft of theother instrument shall be a lefthand thread. Where there aremore thantwo stations on a line from and to which messages are transmitted, theshaft w of every instrument should have a right-hand and a lefthandthread cut thereon, as indicated in Fig. 1.3, it being understood thatthe instrument transmitting shall always work by one thread, and theinstruments receiving shall always work by the other thread.

In Fig. 15 is shown a mere modification of the circuit indicated in Fig.14. In this figure a relay or sounder is employed to change the circuitof the line from the transmitting or recording mechanism to thereleasing-magnet h,

the circuit-changer, Figs. 9, 10, and 11, merely serving. to operate therelay or sounder.

I need not point out the facility with which many other forms ofconnection for operating the relay may be employed.

In Fig. 15, hm is a relay or an ordinary magnet, the armature-lever ofwhich is connected with the line. hm is a spiral spring for retractingthe armature. When the magnet is not actuated the circuit is from lineto the contact-point hm; main shaft 112, and arm a, point p, tosemi-cylinder cl, and thence to battery and earth at thetransmittingstation, and thence to earth at the receiving-station. Thelocal battery hm actuates the magnet km, the circuit being through themagnet to the two contact-rollers A, so that when the one roller touchesthe piece i the magnet will act, and, by drawing toward itself thearmature,

and thus bringing its lever hm into contact with the point hm, will putthe circuit of the line-wire through the releasing-magnet h and reversedbatteries 1"!) VI). In all other respects the arrangement is the same asin Fig. 14.

In Fig. 16 is shown the application of my new electrical circuitLettersPatent No. 166,305, dated August 3, 1875-40 the present invention. Inthe operation of this circuit I greatly prefer an incased or undergroundwire.

Deeming it unnecessary, in view of the foregoing descriptions, topresent every detail of the circuits, Figs. 14 and 15, I have in Fig. 16merely indicated as follows, leaving the rest to be understood: Thelevers hm of magnets. hm are connected to the line. At the transmittingend the car (1 is connected to earth, and the arms a, through the shaftw, are connected to the back contact-piece hm of the lever hm At thereceiving-instrument the back contact-piece hm of the lever hm isconnected to the main battery mb, the negative pole of which is put toearth; and beyond this connection with the main battery is a heavyresistance, and the shaft w, arms a, recording-points p, and, by way ofcar 01, earth, through a reversed battery, N1

The operation of this circuit is as follows: So long as thetransmitting-point at the transmitting-station is bearing upon ametallic surface the battery mb is diverted into the linewire by theaction of the resistance, and as this battery is only enough strongerthan the reversed battery rb to cause all action upon the chemical paperby battery ml) to cease when the circuit at the transmitting-station iscompleted and a portion of battery 'mb diverted into the line-wire O-or,in other words, the diverting of a portion of battery mb into the lineis sufficient to enable the reversed battery rb to neutralize, and thusprevent action by, such portion of the current from the battery 'mb ascontinues to flow in the artificial line-there will be no mark while thetransmitting-point is bearin g upon the metallic surface; but, as thetransmitting-point comes upon an insulating-line of writing, the batterymb, no longer diverted into the linewire, there being then no line-wirecircuit for the battery, will produce a discoloration of the chemicalpaper.

In Fig. 17 is shown the same circuit that is shown in Fig. 15, with theexception that double reversed batteries are dispensed with, thereleasing of the arms a by depolarization of magnet h being effected bya single reversed battery, which may be placed at either end of a line,although shown at the-receiving end. The releasing-magnet at thetransmitting end is shown in a shunt with the rheostat Ito. It isobvious, however, that it need not be shunted, but placed the same as inFig. 15.

The operation is as follows: As shown in the drawing, the transmittingmust run a little faster than the receiving instrument. Therefore itwill come to a stop previous to the re ceiving-instrument, and as thereceivinginstrument comes to the point at which it not only stops, butintroduces into the line the re versed battery rbhboth instruments arereleased, and the operation is repeated to'an-' other detention, and soon.

In Fig. 18 I have shown the application, at the transmitting end, of aline ot'Varleys linecl'earing invention, consisting of a single-wireinduction-coil in a shunt. This will be readily comprehended byreference to the drawings, ml) being the main battery, and the car (1being'connected to the line. Whenever a transmitting-point is bearingupon the metallic surface the battery divides, a part flowing into theline, and a part flowing through the induction-coil I0 and rheostat R0,thus magnetizing the core of the coil, so that when the battery isremoved from the line and coil I0 by the transmitting-point coming uponan insulatingline of writing, the coil discharges into the line aninduced clearing-current of intensity, which accelerates the action of alocal markin g-hattery at the receiving-station. I do not claim this asmy own invention, or its application as my own invention.

In Fig. 19 is exhibited the connections of the motor already explained.BI) is the motorbattery. Gr is a galvanometer, and R0 a rheostat. O, D,a, and a are the various connections. One end of the helix of magnet Eis shown connected to the shaft a the other end being connected to thebattery.

What I, claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is.-

1. In a copying-telegraph, the combination, with transmitting orrecording mechanism, having a less speed of motion than the actuatingmechanism, of an electromagnetic regulator, operated by a line-current,as set forth. 2. In a cOpyingtelegr-aph, the combination, withtransmitting or recording mechanism operated by friction, of drivingmechanism having a greater speed of motion than the transmitting orrecording mechanism, as set forth.

3. The method of operating a copying-telegraph, consistin gin carryingthe contact style or styles transversely over or around a cylindricalsurface, each style moving in one continuous direction, instead ofmoving back and forth, substantially as shown and described.

4. In a copyingtelegraph, the combination, with a thread-shaft, of atransmitting or recording style or styles and a semi-cylindricalsurface, so arranged that the revolutions of the shaft shall bothadvance the semi-cylindrical surface longitudinally, andgivethe v styleor styles a transverse circular motion in respect of the cylindricalsurface, as set forth. 5. In a copying-telegraph, a semi-cylindricalcar, moving upon a railway, substantially as shown and described.

0. In a copyingtelegraph, a semi-cylindrical transmitting or receivingcar, as set forth. 7. In a copying-telegraph, the method of keeping theinstruments at different stations in synohronism, and maintaining thesteadi-f .ness of their motion, consisting in the employment of frictionto actuate the transmitting or recording mechanism, in combination withan electromagnetic regulator, so that the motion of the transmitting orrecording mechanism may be arrested without arresting the motion of themotive or driving mechanism,

frame for holding the message-blank in place,

as set forth.

11. The eombinatiom with the car 61, of the pointy, to engage in thethread of a shaft, as set forth.

12. In mechanism for maintaining synchronous motion of differentinstruments, a detent which yields to the force of advancing mechanismthrough neutralization by a line-current of the force which held thedetent in the path of the mechanism, as set forth.

13. In a copying-telegraph, the combination, with transmitting orrecording mechanism, of a magnet operated periodically by a localbattery to change the circuit of the line, as set forth.

The above specification of my invention sigiged by me this 4th day ofNovember, 187

W. E. SAWYER.

Witnesses:

JAs. (in-SMITH, Guns. A. KITTLE.

